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work!!! Spirited and independent-minded by nature, Douglass could abide mentors only to a limited degree even as a young man. In paragraph 5, what does douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to Rejectthe counterclaim. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Frederick Douglasss account on slavery could be seen as biased as a result of first hand experiences with being held as a slave. Frederick. Space permits here only a brief sketch of Douglasss singularly remarkable life story, which sheds much light on the formation of his political philosophy. He says of Sophia Auld, "Slavery proved as injurious to her as it did to me" (page 28). In fact, he contended, the Constitution was more than merely anti-slavery. It is particularly important also to pay renewed attention to the most thoughtful apostles of the integrationist faith among the major figures of the AfricanAmerican protest tradition. It must be acknowledged that most of the Founders, with notable exceptions, were not racial integrationists; yet despite their particular doubts, racial integration is a legitimate inference from their principles, as Douglass forcefully argued. Step-by-step explanation: Answer options: a. dependence on a neighbor for water trade access; What was Douglass's purpose in writing his Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave? Why, then, did Douglass speak as harshly as he did? Peter C. Myers is Professor of Political Science at the University of WisconsinEau Claire and the author of Frederick Douglass: Race and the Rebirth of American Liberalism. -he wishes he could present a speech that was positive for the people. Knowing that your mom could care less about the newest games, appeal to what she thinks is important - your grades. The grave danger was that reunion and peace would be purchased at the cost of obscuring the moral principles that remained in contest. The authorsTEACHING ESSAYS BUNDLEincludes the threeprintable and digitalresources students need to mastertheCCSS W.1 argumentative and W.2 informational/explanatory essays. Your claim is that you need a new cell phone. [54] Douglass, To the Editor of the National Republican, in Life and Writings, Vol. work!! Protagoras was a Greek philosopher who is widely considered the father of argument and debate. Now you turnthe opposing point of view, evidence, and analysis back to support your thesis statement. America is said, and not without reason, to be preeminently the home and patron of self-made men. An effective argumentative essay utilizes the following four components of an argument: The claim is the author's central argument that they are trying to persuade the audience to believe. Check your answer in a print or an online college-level dictionary, Identify and define two other words in which the prefix ob- means "against." Eachno-prepresource allows students to work at their own paces via mastery learning. [9] Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom, in Frederick Douglass: Autobiographies (New York: Library of America, 1994), p. 286. 59 lessons. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Proponents of this skeptical view cite the persistence of racial segregation in neighborhoods and schools; the persistence of stark disparities between black and white Americans in various measures of social and economic well-being; and, most alarmingly, the deepening alienationthe nihilism, as Cornel West candidly named it[2]prevalent among many AfricanAmericans living in urban poverty. In his heart of hearts, Douglass would later reflect, Lincoln loathed and hated slavery.[25] The foundation of this deepened appreciation was of course Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation, promised in September 1862 and delivered the following January. I feel like its a lifeline. What I ask for the negro, he explained in 1865, is not benevolence, not pity, not sympathy, but simply justice.[48]. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - daxasys.com Some of the above points adapted from theHarvard Writing Center. How does the struggle for freedom change with history? Not as Ethiopians, not as Caucasians, not as Mongolians, not as AfroAmericans, or AngloAmerican are we addressed but as men. III, pp. A few of which include inequality, education, and Christianity as the keys to freedom in terms of its true values within the institution of slavery. Douglas removed his residual doubts by diving into the Warm Lake and swimming across to the other shore and back. "What is Frederick Douglass's overall claim in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass? In assembling together as we have done, our object is not to excite pity for ourselves, but to command respect for our cause, and to obtain justice for our people. Douglass's life-story is presented in a way that creates a compelling argument against the justification of slavery. Additionally, the conclusion of an argumentative essay should look to the future. Its my students first attempt at writing the argumentative essay. [3] William Jefferson Clinton, Memphis Church of God in Christ Convention Speech, November 13, 1993, at http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/wjclintonmemphis.htm (November 8, 2010). It is very clear that Douglass wants us as readers understand the true humanity of him and other slaves and wants to show the extent to which perceptions of inequality are flawed. Finally, he cites his altercation with Mr. Not only will people need to know where you got your evidence, they might even want to see it. Frederick Douglass shows her fast transformation from generosity to hard-heartedness to show the pernicious effect slavery has on white slave owners. [7] I develop this argument at length in Frederick Douglass: Race and the Rebirth of American Liberalism (Lawrence, Kan.: University Press of Kansas, 2008). 4. Douglass describes this memory as the "blood-stained gate" through which he entered slavery, and he is struck throughout at how the institution made tyrants of whites. Everybody has asked the question, he complained in early 1865, and they learned to ask it early of the abolitionists, What shall we do with the negro after emancipation? Slavery was brought to America in the 1600s taking millions of Africans from West Africa. So, there you have it - the four parts of an argument: claims, counterclaims, reasons, and evidence. A counterclaim is the argument opposing the author's claim. We are able to explore new ideas and concepts, which leads to more knowledge. Key Arguments in "The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass" A reason tells why. A claim of fact (or a factual claim) is a claim arguing that something is or is not true. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Douglass attempts to show us how African American slaves were still human beings like their white counterparts, there have been numerous instances where it is shown that many whites did not want to accept slaves as true humans. As a result of entering slave-hood at an early age, he did not know his birthdate (like most slaves). safeguard properties lawsuit 2017; syl johnson chad ochocinco father Covey was at the house, about one hundred yards from the treading-yard where we were fanning. Power, Protest, and Change Test (blonde davis, Intro To Business Chapter Three (Part Two), The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. : Rowman & Littlefield, 2001), chapter 1. Whom was he trying to reach? His forceful resistance proved no less powerfully liberating than his literacy. Central to the question of the wars larger moral legacy was the fate of those with whom he peculiarly identified: those lately emancipated. They were statesmen, patriots and heroes. In his discerning view, however, the main source of their greatnessthe virtue that enabled them to be more than revolutionaries, the Founders of a great republicinhered not in their bravery but in their dedication to the eternal principles, the saving principles, set forth in the unique revolutionary document they dared to sign. Drawing upon that faith, he taught black Americans and all other Americans to stand up for justice and to strive for excellence. But his Do nothing with us! rhetoric, oversimplified for emphasis, has been misunderstood by critics who read it literally as a denial of public obligation and a justification of public indifference toward the freedpeople. Post author: Post published: junho 22, 2022 Post category: when would the undeposited funds feature not be necessary? To remedy the degradation and impoverishment that proceeded from this culture of indolence, Douglass throughout the postwar years insistently extolled the property right and the virtues of free labor that supported it, and he called upon his fellow black Americans in particular to cultivate the self-reliant virtues of industry, productivity, and thrift. Good reasoning for a claim is on topic, logically sound, factual, and can be supported by evidence. . ventana canyon golf membership fees; what ships are in port at norfolk naval base? Here is where the author has a bit of discretion over how to organize their essay. With due respect to King and to other stalwarts of the 20th-century movement, I submit that in the search for the most thoughtful proponents of the pro-integration, pro-America argument, there is no worthier object of our attention than the life and thought of the greatest of their 19th-century predecessors, the renowned abolitionist and advocate of civil and political equality Frederick Douglass. He shouted with joy when he was able to achieve this feat. Argumentative essays have a basic structure that allows some room for the author's discretion. V, p. 624. Which words helped you convey information precisely? eNotes Editorial, 21 Jan. 2020, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-is-frederick-douglass-s-overall-claim-in-the-152137. Your fathers, the fathers of this republic, did, most deliberatelyand with a sublime faith in the great principles of justice and freedom, lay deep the corner-stone of the national superstructure, which has risen and still rises in grandeur around you. Writing Revision: How to Fix Mistakes in Your Writing, AEPA English Language Arts (NT301): Practice & Study Guide, AEPA Middle Grades English Language Arts (NT201): Practice & Study Guide, Common Core ELA Grade 8 - Literature: Standards, 10th Grade English: Homework Help Resource, 11th Grade English: Homework Help Resource, Study.com ACT® Test Prep: Help and Review, Study.com ACT® Test Prep: Tutoring Solution, 11th Grade English Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, 12th Grade English Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, Common Core ELA Grade 7 - Speaking & Listening: Standards, Create an account to start this course today. H e engages in a fight with his master. In Americas dedication to principles of natural human rights set forth in the Declaration of Independence, Douglass found reason to love and identify with his country, despite the injustices that he and his people had suffered. A claim is an argument in statement form. No class of men can, without insulting their own nature, be content without it. We want no black Ireland in America, he warned in response to the Supreme Courts disappointing ruling in the Civil Rights Cases in 1883no American counterpart to the aggrieved, unproductive, disproportionately criminal (under)class that Douglass viewed as the natural issue of Englands injustice. Accessed 4 Mar. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Claims are not just opinions. V, p. 105. That the natural-rights principles epitomized in the Declaration of Independence were universally and permanently true; That the everlasting glory of Americas Founding lay in its dedication to those principles; and. Pro-slavery whites pointed out that black people, when questioned, said they were happy with their situation. Through his knowledge, he learns more about his situation and potential. 217, 219. This grand achievement taught Douglass something, as he says, From that moment, I understood the pathway from slavery to freedom. How do you think that refuting a misconception strengthened your presentation? He barely knew his mother, who died shortly before or after he turned eight years old. The analysis of the under discussion autobiography indicates a lot of major universal themes and human exploitation is one of them. "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July" by Frederick Douglass - Quizlet After providing the thesis in the introduction, the author then spends the entire essay working to prove that claim through sub-claims (the central claim broken down into smaller chunks), reasoning, and evidence. In his reasonable faith in their ultimate triumph in America, Douglass found an enormous reservoir of strength that he labored to share with others. Already a member? Second, any truly salutary public assistance must also be integrative, not divisive, in its design and effects. [If] the Negro cannot stand on his own legs, let him fall. Here, where universal suffrage is the ruleto rule us out is to make us an exception, to brand us with the stigma of inferiority, and to invite to our heads the missiles of those about us.[38], This was no merely abstract consideration. This counterclaim both disagrees with the claim and disproves it with on-topic reasoning. His fair-play principle required, first and foremost, the cessation of various practices in the post-Reconstruction South that were designed to frustrate blacks efforts to acquire property for themselves. but his relative moderation in this proposal is certainly in keeping with his classical-liberal respect for property rights, along with his longtime concern to sustain and strengthen a spirit of virtuous self-reliance among black Americans. James M. Washington (New York: HarperCollins, 1986), pp. Claims of fact make assertions that can be proven or disproven with evidence. Suppose that you are trying to get information from people who equivocate. The main purpose of a counterclaim is to address the opposite side of the argument and provide a rebuttal. He also refutes a counterclaim presented by those with an opposing view. 350351. One of the key arguments in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass as well as in other narratives about slaves is inequality. This is her first step from being a kind-hearted woman with generous tendencies to harnessing her natural instincts and instead becoming cruel. There is a power in numbers, wealth and intelligence, which can never be despised nor defied. [50] Self-reliant virtue was indispensable to the cause of national integration, just as it was an essential condition of the securing of rights. Douglass debunks the mythology of slavery in his narrative by rebuking the romantic image of slavery with very disturbing imagery, promotes his own views on the intellectual belief of slaves, and exposes the system for promoting the disloyalty among slaves. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. TheEight Writing Process Essays(printables and 170 Google slides) each feature an on-demand diagnostic essay assessment, writing prompt with connected reading, brainstorming, graphic organizer, response, revision, and editing activities. V, pp. [35] Douglass, The Future of the Negro People of the Slave States, in Life and Writings, Vol. For Douglass as for Abraham Lincoln, America was, after all, the last, best hope of Earth.[62]. What other words in the speech connect to this concept? Here again, two points are especially salient. He talks about how grateful he is that america is young because it has time to create its own path without a past to hold it down. He then state I would at times feel that learning to read had been a curse rather than a blessing. prepaid financial services wolverhampton; lecture analytique petit pays chapitre 23. naval special warfare command quarterdeck; where is wildwood soda made; frankenstein chapter 5 literary devices; jacob degrom haircut video; how to clean beswood meat slicer; in Professional Writing and Rhetoric from the University of New Orleans and a B.A. Finally, in the introduction is the thesis (claim). Frederick Douglass pure story telling in the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass directly goes against any argument for slavery from Fitzhugh, by revealing the harshness of the institution of slavery and the individuals behind it. In the opinion shared by Taney, Marshall, and many present-day professors, teachers, and students, the stain of racial exclusion suffuses both the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence. What country have I? he asked, a member of a race placed outside the protections of law, and answered, I have no patriotism. I was nothing before, he wrote in his autobiography, reflecting on the episode. In our example, you would need to give or cite some concrete evidence like, 'According to research, students with Internet access on their phones are more likely to make the Honor Roll.' When Hugh Auld, Sophias husband, promptly forbade further instruction for the reason that literacy would forever unfit the boy for slavery, young Frederick gained a revelatory insight into the evil design of slavery and the sure path to liberation. The thesis provides the main argument for the essay as well as an outline for the rest of the essay. 9 chapters | Mark them![15], In truth, Douglass had long admired the Declaration and the Revolution; but now, having broken with the Garrisonian variant of abolitionism, he had come to admire the whole of the Founding, because he had come to judge the Constitution to be faithful to the saving principles of the Declaration. He states, The offence for which this girl was thus murdered was this: She had been set that night to mind Mrs. Hickss baby, and during the night she fell asleep, and the baby cried. This anecdote, among many others, is helpful in persuading the reader to understand the severity of rule slaveholders hold above their slaves. Not transient and fitful effort, but patient, enduring, honest, unremitting, and indefatigable work, into which the whole heart is put. Much of the distinctive greatness of this nation, he continues, is due to its hospitality to just this sort of virtue. His speeches and writings supply a treasure of arguments against the perpetuation of racial injustice and, no less, against the demoralizing critiques of it according to which, absent a utopian transformation of Americas principles, institutions, and culture, white racism and an oppositional identity for blacks must be taken as permanent features of American society. I know of no soil better adapted to the growth of reform than American soil. The charge of a pro-slavery Constitution was a slander upon [the] memory of the Framers, he contended; interpreted as it ought to be interpreted, the Constitution is a glorious liberty document. Consider the constitution according to its plain reading, Douglass continued, and I defy the presentation of a single pro-slavery clause in it. Neither do we address you as enemies, (although the recipients of innumerable wrongs); but in the spirit of patriotic good will. An argumentative essay is an essay in which the author makes a claim (argument) and then attempts to persuade their audience to believe their claim through reasons, evidence, and the addressing of counterclaims. Douglass made these particular remarks in a speech at the dedication of an industrial education institution in the state of Virginia, but they represent an extension of his broader advocacy, in this period, of a federally established system of public schools. How would you like to be able to win any argument? To many, the U.S. war with Mexico in 1846 signified an imperialist effort to expand the number and power of slaveholding states at the national level, and the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850that most foul and fiendish of all human decrees, Douglass would call it[12]effectively nationalized slavery, conscripting non-slaveholding states and citizens in the recapture of persons fleeing for freedom. Learn what a claim and counterclaim is in argumentative texts, and study examples of the components of an argument. IV, pp. A reason tells why the claim is made and is supported by the evidence. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. Two key components of an argumentative essay are the reasons and evidence. Its easy for us to admit that slavery is wrong but, in Frederick Douglasss time no one thought that it was. Northerners, remembering their revolutionary heritage enough, at least, to remain vigilant in defense of their own rights, would increasingly view these actions as aggressions until the point was reached that slaveholders, by their own imperial overreach, had assembled a coalition of enemies too large for them to defeat. To the contrary, it was a hard-won achievement, and as such, it contains valuable lessons for all Americans and especially for those who, like the young Douglass himself, find themselves dispirited about their place and prospects in their country. Answer: a. dependence on a neighbor in terms of access to water trade. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. They were great men too. Although writers use plenty of other options, Im teaching the counterclaim and refutation in the final body paragraph. James Madison, the commonly acknowledged Father of the Constitution, in a speech at the Constitutional Convention denounced slavery grounded in the mere distinction of colour as the most oppressive dominion ever exercised by man over man.[6] Likewise, Thomas Jefferson, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, in his original draft of that document denounced slavery (not only the slave trade) as a cruel war against human naturean institution creating and depending on a market, he emphasized to excite outrage in his readers, where MEN should be bought & sold. All the major figures of the Founding forwarded similar denunciations of slavery. The Constitution, as well as the Declaration of Independence, and the sentiments of the founders of the Republic, give us a plat-form broad enough, and strong enough, to support the most comprehensive plans for the freedom and elevation of all the people of this country, without regard to color, class, or clime. II, p. 235; Address on the Twentieth Anniversary of Emancipation, April 16, 1883, in Douglass Papers, Vol. a) the regulation of business protected consumers. II, pp. 348349 (emphasis in original). He gives reasons for this claim and backs them up with evidence. Douglass states that "scorching irony, not convincing argument, is needed." international legion of territorial defense of ukraine pay. Douglas first swam alone in the pool to remove his residual doubts about his fear of water. Having witnessed her transformation from a sympathetic to a hard-hearted mistress, Douglass concludes that slavery was as injurious to her soul as it was to his. In paragraph 5, what does douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to his position? Today we're going to learn about the parts of an argument necessary to win one! 1. In time, Douglass came to see the wisdom in Lincolns prudent statesmanship, as he acknowledged in his most developed reflection on Lincoln, his speech at the unveiling of the Freedmens Monument to Lincoln in 1876. Sometimes, an author breaks their overall claim, or thesis, into smaller claims called sub-claims. The Declarations affirmation, as self-evident truths, of the principles that all men are created equal and that they are endowed by their Creator with the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness is now commonly read as a declaration only of the rights of propertied white males. [48] What the Black Man Wants, in Douglass Papers, Vol. ', Then it's time for the reasons you've prepared well in advance, because you know exactly what she'll ask. Douglasss escape from slavery and eventual freedom are inseparable from his movingly narrated attainment of literacy. Such attention is properly directed toward, but also beyond, the icons of the recent era of reform. This proclamation changed everything, Douglass later recalled. 61, 6465. Evidence is usually some kind of research. A broad array of racially freighted social problems persists and even intensifies in the postCivil Rights Era, in the face of which the ideals of the civil rights cause cannot be said to have been fully realized. In a widely publicized speech commemorating the Constitutions bicentennial, Marshall asserted that in its infamously pro-slavery ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), the Supreme Court merely reaffirmed the prevailing opinion of the Framers regarding the rights of Negroes in America. He claimed that Chief Justice Roger Taney, writing for the Court in that case, had accurately described the Founders views when he alleged that in the Founders day, black Americans, had for more than a century before been regarded as beings of an inferior order, and altogether unfit to associate with the white raceand so far inferior, that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect; and that the Negro might justly and lawfully be reduced to slavery for his benefit. It is appealing to think that Kings dream has been realized, at least in its essentials, by the reforms of the Civil Rights Erareforms that King himself characterized as the third, the greatest, and the culminating American Revolution. The short essay, Slavery as a Mythologized Institution, explains how people in that time period justified the disgusting behavior that was demonstrated regularly. II, pp. For example, one popular reason in support of the claim about banning capital punishment is that capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison. This reassuring view is not, however, the prevailing opinion among postCivil Rights Era scholars and activists concerned with race relations. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Masterplots II: African American Literature Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself Analysis, Critical Edition of Young Adult Fiction Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself Analysis, Critical Context (Masterplots II: African American Literature), Critical Context (Critical Edition of Young Adult Fiction), Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself, Frederick Douglass.